This course provides a comprehensive study of the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, emphasizing the physiological principles that govern the heart, blood vessels, and blood flow. It explores the mechanisms of cardiac excitation and contraction, cardiac cycle, hemodynamics, regulation of blood pressure, and microcirculation. The course also examines the neural, hormonal, and local control of cardiovascular function, as well as physiological adaptations during exercise and in special conditions such as aging and pregnancy. Clinical correlations are integrated throughout the course to link normal cardiovascular physiology with common cardiovascular disorders, preparing students for advanced studies and clinical practice in health-related disciplines.